Router Images
How Routers Work
Routers operate at the Network Layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model and use IP addresses to route data packets.
Current IP Routing Table: 192.168.1.0/24 → 192.168.2.0/24
- Receives data packets from connected devices
- Reads destination IP address in packet header
- Consults routing table to find best path
- Forwards packet to next hop or destination
Router Types
Wired Router
Uses Ethernet cables for connections. More stable and secure.
Wireless Router
Uses Wi-Fi signals for connections. Provides mobility.
DSL Router
Connects to telephone lines for internet access.
Fiber Router
Uses optical fiber for ultra-high speed internet.
Key Components
- CPU/Routing Processor - Makes routing decisions
- RAM - Stores routing tables and active connections
- Flash Memory - Stores operating system (firmware)
- Ethernet Ports - For wired connections (LAN)
- WAN Port - Connects to modem/internet
- Antennas - For wireless signal transmission
Router Functions
- Inter-network Communication - Connects different networks
- Packet Forwarding - Moves data between networks
- Path Selection - Chooses optimal route
- Traffic Control - Manages network congestion
- Security - Firewall and access control