SCIENTIFIC METHOD:
1. Place drum on burner
2. Click START HEATING - Fire appears
3. Water boils at 100°C → Steam forms
4. Steam pushes air out
5. Drag hot drum into cold water
6. Steam condenses → Vacuum → DRUM CRUSHED by atmospheric pressure
Stage 1: Drum at room temperature (25°C), contains 60% water
Stage 2:HEATING - Fire heats drum to >100°C
Stage 3:STEAM FORMATION - Water boils, steam replaces air
💡 SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLE: At 100°C, water turns to
steam (1600× volume). Steam pushes air out. When cooled suddenly in
cold water, steam condenses to water, creating near-vacuum.
Atmospheric pressure (101.3 kPa) crushes the drum INWARD dramatically!
← Drag drum onto burner to begin →
Physics Principles
1. Phase Change: Liquid water ↔ Steam
2. Volume Expansion: 1 mL water → 1600 mL steam
3. Gas Laws: PV = nRT
4. Condensation: Steam → Water creates vacuum
5. Pressure Differential: 101.3 kPa (outside) vs ~5 kPa (inside)
6. ATMOSPHERIC CRUSHING: Drum crushed INWARD by atmospheric pressure