Overview of Ecosystem Components
Every ecosystem is made up of two major types of components:
- Biotic – all living organisms
- Abiotic – all non-living physical and chemical factors
Both interact continuously and maintain the balance of nature.
Quick summary:
- Biotic components
- Abiotic components
Biotic Components (Living)
Biotic components include all living organisms present in an ecosystem.
They are divided into three main groups:
Major categories:
- Producers / Autotrophs
- Consumers / Heterotrophs
- Decomposers
Abiotic Components (Non-living)
Abiotic components are the non-living parts of the environment that influence living organisms.
Important abiotic factors:
- Sunlight
- Water
- Air (gases like O₂, CO₂)
- Soil / Minerals
- Temperature
Interaction Between Biotic & Abiotic
Biotic and abiotic components are interdependent.
Change in one affects the other → maintains ecosystem balance.
Examples of interaction:
- Photosynthesis
- Food & oxygen supply
- Nutrient cycling
- Climatic influence