Beaker
Acids are chemical agents that release hydrogen (H⁺) ions when added to water.
Citrus fruits Text explaining citrus
Lactic Acid
Acid Content 4
Acid Content 5
Beaker
Bases are chemical agents that release hydroxide (OH⁻) ions when added to water.

Common Bases

Examples include: Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂), and Ammonia (NH₃)

Properties of Bases

• Bitter taste
• Slippery to touch
• Turn red litmus paper blue
• pH greater than 7

Uses of Bases

• Soap and detergent production
• Antacids for stomach relief
• Cleaning products
• Food processing

Base Strength

Strong bases completely dissociate in water, while weak bases only partially dissociate.

Beakers
This reaction neutralizes to form salt and water.
Combined beaker
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This process is known as neutralization reaction.

Formation of Salt

Salt formation equation

Formation of Salt

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Example:
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O

Common Salts

• Table Salt (NaCl)
• Baking Soda (NaHCO₃)
• Washing Soda (Na₂CO₃)
• Gypsum (CaSO₄)

Properties of Salts

• Most are crystalline solids
• High melting and boiling points
• Conduct electricity when dissolved
• Can be acidic, basic, or neutral

Uses of Salts

• Food seasoning and preservation
• Manufacturing chemicals
• Medicine and healthcare
• Agriculture and fertilizers