1. What is Climate Change?
Long-term change in temperature & weather patterns, mostly due to human activities.
- Climate vs Weather
- Global Warming
- Observable Changes
- Nepal Context
2. Greenhouse Effect
Natural process keeps Earth warm; enhanced by extra gases causes warming.
- How it Works
- Natural Greenhouse Effect
- Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
- Key Greenhouse Gases
- Relevance to Nepal
3. Main Causes of Climate Change
Human activities since Industrial Revolution are the primary cause.
- Fossil Fuels Burning
- Deforestation
- Industrial & Agricultural Activities
- Methane from Livestock & Waste
- Natural Causes
Natural vs Human Causes – Quick Comparison
| Type | Main Causes | Time Scale | Contribution to Recent Change | Examples in Nepal/Context |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural | Solar variation, volcanoes, orbital changes | Thousands–millions years | Minor in last 150 years | Volcanic ash, past ice ages |
| Human (Anthropogenic) | Fossil fuels, deforestation, industry, agriculture | Since ~1750 (Industrial Revolution) | Major (~90–100% recent warming) | Vehicles in cities, forest loss, brick kilns |
| Combined Effect | Enhanced greenhouse gases | Rapid in recent decades | Observed warming | Himalayan glacier melt, floods/droughts |